PBS纪录片《美国内战史The Civil War》全9集

纪录片介绍

19世纪工业革命传到美国，美国经济迅速发展，同时美国获得了西部的大片领土，急需劳动力，南方奴隶制成为经济发展的障碍。1860年主张废除奴隶制的林肯当选总统，南方奴隶主发动叛乱，南方蓄奴州纷纷独立，1861年2月组成邦联政府，戴维斯当选总统。同年4月南方邦联军先发制人攻占萨姆特要塞，内战爆发。 南军准备充分，势如破竹，很快占领了海军基地诺福克，5月6日占领铁路枢纽马纳萨斯，进逼华盛顿，北军仓促应战，24日进入福吉尼亚。7月21日，北军被击溃，逃回华盛顿，林肯紧急动员50万志愿军。1862年，北军发动进攻，西线由格兰特指挥，进展顺利，2月攻克亨利堡和多纳尔森堡，4月在夏洛战役中击败南军，5月攻克科林斯和孟菲斯，解放了肯塔基和田那西。东线北军则进展迟缓，7月被罗伯特.李指挥的南军击溃，李乘胜北进，8月在布尔河再次击败北军，兵临华盛顿，9月两军进行安提塔姆会战，李被击退。12月北军在弗雷德里斯克堡战役中再次被李击败。 1863年元旦林肯颁布「解放宣言」宣布解放黑奴，允许黑人参加北方军队，之后又颁布「宅地法」，允许所有美国人得到西部的土地。同年5月，北军再次进攻里士满，在切斯罗维尔被李击退。6月李再次北进，7月1日两军在葛底斯堡展开决战，3日南军被击败。在李北进的同时，格兰特在西线包围了南军防守密西西比河的要塞维克斯堡，5月22日北军发动总攻，进行了长达47天的炮击，7月4日南军投降。7月8日北军占领哈得逊港，南军被分割成东西两部分。9月北军攻克查塔努加，11月击退南军的反击。 1864年北方发动全面进攻，5～6月格兰特率军同李进行一系列会战，李虽然每次都能取胜，但北军的援军不断到达，李军团陷于绝望。6月15日，北军进攻彼得斯堡，双方相持不下，拖住了南军主力达9个月。7月厄尔利率南军一部再次奔袭华盛顿，被北军谢里登部击退，谢里登在进军途中实施焦土战略，厄尔利军瓦解。5月谢尔曼在西线发起进攻，9月2日攻占亚特兰大，并破坏了该城。之后谢尔曼以宽正面向佐治亚海岸进军，沿途实施焦土战略破坏了一切南方可资利用的资源，12月21日谢尔曼攻占萨凡纳，将南方邦联东部分割成南北两半。1865年1月，谢尔曼北上，2月相继攻克哥伦比亚和查尔斯顿，3月和格兰特会师，4月3日攻占彼得斯堡，9日李率残部投降。4月14日，南方派人刺杀了林肯。26日南方投降，内战结束。 南北战争摧毁了奴隶制，为美国资本主义经济的发展扫清了道路。这次战争中工业革命带来了军事上的巨大进步，双方使用了金属弹壳和后装填步枪作战，使用铁路和蒸汽船实现快速的兵力机动和集结，使用蒸汽铁甲战舰进行海战，机械连发枪第一次投入实战，特别是北方发展了制造标准化零件组装武器的生产方式，大大提高了工业生产效率。 Amazon.com essential video The most successful public-television miniseries in American history, the 11-hour Civil War didn't just captivate a nation, reteaching to us our history in narrative terms; it actually also invented a new film language taken from its creator. When people describe documentaries using the "Ken Burns approach," its style is understood: voice-over narrators reading letters and documents dramatically and stating the writer's name at their conclusion, fresh live footage of places juxtaposed with still images (photographs, paintings, maps, prints), anecdotal interviews, and romantic musical scores taken from the era he depicts. The Civil War uses all of these devices to evoke atmosphere and resurrect an event that many knew only from stale history books. While Burns is a historian, a researcher, and a documentarian, he's above all a gifted storyteller, and it's his narrative powers that give this chronicle its beauty, overwhelming emotion, and devastating horror. Using the words of old letters, eloquently read by a variety of celebrities, the stories of historians like Shelby Foote and rare, stained photos, Burns allows us not only to relearn and finally understand our history, but also to feel and experience it. --Dave McCoy DVD features The DVD features on The Civil War provide a wealth of insight, creative philosophy, historical perspective, and educational enjoyment. Twelve years after its premiere broadcast, the film was given a digital facelift, sharpening image clarity, correcting color, and enriching its soundtrack with a remastered 5.1-channel mix, as demonstrated in the "Civil War Reconstruction" featurette. In interviews from 2002, producer-director Ken Burns, historian Shelby Foote, journalist George Will, author Stanley Crouch, and composer-musicians Jay Ungar and Molly Mason reflect upon The Civil War's enduring significance. And Burns's eloquent commentary--selectively included on each disc and totaling five hours--illuminates the historical importance and creative impulse behind crucial chapters of the film. Fifty-seven onscreen biography cards detail important North, South, and civilian figures, and two 1990 featurettes—"Making History" and "A Conversation with Ken Burns"--provide a more personal perspective on the creation of this extraordinary film. Useful for both personal and academic study, these features stand as a fitting supplement to one of the greatest documentaries ever produced. --Jeff Shannon

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